By reacting with the oxygen in the air, the chromium - homogeneously distributed throughout the alloy - oxidizes, forming a thin, continuous and resistant layer of chromium oxide (Cr2O3) over the entire surface, which will protect the iron and nickel from corrosive attacks from the environment. This thin layer is called a "passivating layer" and forms instantly even if removed by impact or scratching, so the protection is constant.
Why is cleaning and maintenance of stainless steel necessary?
As long as the passivation layer is intact, unbroken and uncontaminated, the metal is passive and stainless. A saline environment or the deposition of iron particles from oxidized metals near the steel can cause the passivation layer to break down if not removed.
Therefore, surface maintenance and cleaning is essential to prevent corrosion. As long as the passivation layer is broken, stainless steel can begin to show corrosion. The first signs are at the microscopic level. Over time, they will grow and deepen, pushing out the rust.
How to clean stainless steel?
Routine cleaning can be accomplished by simply using hot water and a cloth. Dry the stainless steel with a cloth to avoid water spots. This is really important, as the minerals contained in the water can leave marks on the stainless steel. Rub in the direction of the polishing lines for best results. Microfiber cloths are recommended because they do a great job of absorbing without scratching the surface.
If you have had stains or scratches, a stainless steel cleaner may be a good choice. Some of these cleaners and polishes can help minimize scratches and remove stains. They can also polish affected surfaces. Read the instructions on the stainless steel cleaner.
Any non-abrasive stainless steel cleaner that can be found in the supermarket is suitable for cleaning special marine panels. After each cleaning, it is essential to dry the stainless steel thoroughly so that the surface is exposed to oxygen (oxygen reacts with the chromium to form the passive film that protects it).
Practical example
This is an example of a panel that has not been periodically maintained, so the protective coating has been destroyed and corrosion (pitting) can be seen. If the surface is badly deteriorated, cleaning will remove the oxidation, but the pitting marks will remain. If maintenance is performed periodically, the passive or protective layer will remain intact, and the panel will maintain its original condition.